feat(api): 全链路后端 + 数据库设计 + E2E 测试（65 项断言全通过）

数据库:
- db/schema_phase1.sql  16 张业务表（类目/服务/地址/师傅/订单/流水/取证/报价/评价/券/钱包/提现/结算/消息）
- db/seed_phase1.sql    15 类目 + 32 服务项目 + 新人券（幂等）

后端 API (application/api/controller):
- Base/Auth/Home/Address/Order/Master/Review
- app/common/library/OrderStatus  11 状态机 + 流转矩阵
- application/api/common.php  PHP 8.5 兼容垫片（E_DEPRECATED 不再升级为异常）

测试:
- tests/e2e_flow.js  用户下单→支付→师傅抢单→履约→验收→结算→评价 全链路 65 项断言
- 含异常用例：越权/重复操作/非法状态流转/2h 未联系自动回流

server/application/api/controller/Base.php

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace app\api\controller;
+
+use app\common\controller\Api;
+use app\common\library\OrderStatus;
+use think\Db;
+
+/**
+ * 业务接口基类
+ * 统一处理：登录用户注入 / 师傅档案 / 订单归属校验 / 状态流转 / 通知
+ */
+class Base extends Api
+{
+    protected $noNeedLogin = [];
+    protected $noNeedRight = '*';
+
+    /** @var mixed 当前登录用户 */
+    protected $user = null;
+
+    /** @var array|false|null 师傅档案：null未查询 / false未入驻 / array已入驻 */
+    protected $master = null;
+
+    protected function _initialize()
+    {
+        parent::_initialize();
+        $this->user = $this->auth->getUser();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 当前用户ID
+     */
+    protected function uid()
+    {
+        return (int)$this->auth->id;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 师傅档案
+     */
+    protected function masterInfo($reload = false)
+    {
+        if ($this->master === null || $reload) {
+            $row = Db::name('master')->where('user_id', $this->uid())->find();
+            $this->master = $row ? $row : false;
+        }
+        return $this->master;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 要求是已通过审核的师傅
+     */
+    protected function requireMaster()
+    {
+        $master = $this->masterInfo();
+        if (!$master) {
+            $this->error('请先完成师傅入驻', ['need_apply' => 1], 2001);
+        }
+        if ($master['verify_status'] === 'pending') {
+            $this->error('师傅资质审核中，请耐心等待', ['verify_status' => 'pending'], 2002);
+        }
+        if ($master['verify_status'] === 'reject') {
+            $this->error('资质未通过：' . $master['audit_msg'], ['verify_status' => 'reject'], 2003);
+        }
+        return $master;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 取本人订单（越权拦截）
+     * @param int    $orderId
+     * @param string $side user|master
+     */
+    protected function ownOrder($orderId, $side = 'user')
+    {
+        $orderId = (int)$orderId;
+        if ($orderId <= 0) {
+            $this->error('订单参数错误');
+        }
+        $order = Db::name('order')->where('id', $orderId)->find();
+        if (!$order) {
+            $this->error('订单不存在');
+        }
+        if ($side === 'user' && (int)$order['user_id'] !== $this->uid()) {
+            $this->error('无权操作该订单', null, 403);
+        }
+        if ($side === 'master') {
+            $master = $this->requireMaster();
+            if ((int)$order['master_id'] !== (int)$master['id']) {
+                $this->error('无权操作该订单', null, 403);
+            }
+        }
+        return $order;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 订单状态流转：校验 → 更新 → 写流水
+     */
+    protected function transit(array $order, $to, $remark = '', $extra = [], $operatorType = 'system', $operatorId = 0)
+    {
+        $from = (int)$order['status'];
+        if (!OrderStatus::can($from, $to)) {
+            $this->error('订单状态「' . OrderStatus::label($from) . '」不允许变更为「' . OrderStatus::label($to) . '」');
+        }
+        $data = array_merge($extra, [
+            'status'     => (int)$to,
+            'updatetime' => time(),
+        ]);
+        Db::name('order')->where('id', (int)$order['id'])->update($data);
+        $this->addLog((int)$order['id'], (int)$to, $remark, $operatorType, $operatorId);
+        return array_merge($order, $data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 写订单流水
+     */
+    protected function addLog($orderId, $status, $remark = '', $operatorType = 'system', $operatorId = 0)
+    {
+        Db::name('order_log')->insert([
+            'order_id'      => (int)$orderId,
+            'status'        => (int)$status,
+            'remark'        => mb_substr((string)$remark, 0, 255),
+            'operator_type' => $operatorType,
+            'operator_id'   => (int)$operatorId,
+            'createtime'    => time(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 消息通知
+     */
+    protected function notify($receiveType, $receiveId, $title, $content, $type = 'order', $orderId = 0)
+    {
+        if (!$receiveId) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Db::name('message')->insert([
+            'receive_type' => $receiveType,
+            'receive_id'   => (int)$receiveId,
+            'type'         => $type,
+            'title'        => mb_substr((string)$title, 0, 100),
+            'content'      => mb_substr((string)$content, 0, 500),
+            'order_id'     => (int)$orderId,
+            'is_read'      => 0,
+            'createtime'   => time(),
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 生成订单号
+     */
+    protected function makeOrderNo()
+    {
+        return date('YmdHis') . str_pad((string)mt_rand(0, 999999), 6, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
+    }
+}