import Logger from '@joplin/utils/Logger';
import ItemChange from '../../models/ItemChange';
import Setting from '../../models/Setting';
import Note from '../../models/Note';
import BaseModel, { ModelType } from '../../BaseModel';
import ItemChangeUtils from '../ItemChangeUtils';
import shim from '../../shim';
import filterParser, { Term } from './filterParser';
import queryBuilder from './queryBuilder';
import { ItemChangeEntity, NoteEntity, SqlQuery } from '../database/types';
import Resource from '../../models/Resource';
import JoplinDatabase from '../../JoplinDatabase';
import NoteResource from '../../models/NoteResource';
import BaseItem from '../../models/BaseItem';
import { isCallbackUrl, parseCallbackUrl } from '../../callbackUrlUtils';
import replaceUnsupportedCharacters from '../../utils/replaceUnsupportedCharacters';
import { htmlentitiesDecode } from '@joplin/utils/html';
const { sprintf } = require('sprintf-js');
import { pregQuote, scriptType, removeDiacritics } from '../../string-utils';
import PerformanceLogger from '../../PerformanceLogger';
import SearchService from '../ai/SearchService';
import { unique } from '../../ArrayUtils';
import { embeddingAvailability } from '../ai/availability';
import isItemId from '../../models/utils/isItemId';

const perfLogger = PerformanceLogger.create();

export enum SearchType {
	Auto = 'auto',
	Basic = 'basic',
	Nonlatin = 'nonlatin',
	Fts = 'fts',
	Semantic = 'semantic',
}

interface SearchOptions {
	searchType?: SearchType;

	// When this is on, the search engine automatically appends "*" to each word
	// of the query. So "hello world" is turned into "hello* world*". This
	// allows returning results quickly, in particular on mobile, and it seems
	// to be what users generally expect.
	appendWildCards?: boolean;

	// Include resources that are not associated with any notes.
	includeOrphanedResources?: boolean;
}

export interface ProcessResultsRow {
	id: string;
	parent_id: string;
	title: string;
	offsets: string;
	item_id: string;
	user_updated_time: number;
	user_created_time: number;
	matchinfo: Buffer;
	item_type?: ModelType;
	fields?: string[];
	weight?: number;
	fuzziness?: number;
	searchType: SearchType[];
	is_todo?: number;
	todo_completed?: number;
}

export interface ComplexTerm {
	type: 'regex' | 'text' | 'fuzzy';
	value: string;
	scriptType?: string;
	valueRegex?: string;
	accuracy?: string;
	source?: 'semantic';
}

export interface Terms {
	// This `string | ComplexTerm` type that ends up propagating throughout the app is a bit of a
	// mess, but it reflects how it was originally done in plain JS. Ideally it should be refactor
	// to use a simple type.
	_: (string | ComplexTerm)[];
	title: (string | ComplexTerm)[];
	body: (string | ComplexTerm)[];
}

export interface ParsedQuery {
	termCount: number;
	keys: string[];
	terms: Terms; // text terms
	allTerms: Term[];
	any: boolean;
}

interface QueryTermToRegexOptions {
	anchorToWordBoundary?: boolean;
}

export default class SearchEngine {

	public static instance_: SearchEngine = null;
	public static relevantFields = 'id, title, body, user_created_time, user_updated_time, is_todo, todo_completed, todo_due, parent_id, latitude, longitude, altitude, source_url';
	public static SEARCH_TYPE_AUTO = SearchType.Auto;
	public static SEARCH_TYPE_BASIC = SearchType.Basic;
	public static SEARCH_TYPE_NONLATIN_SCRIPT = SearchType.Nonlatin;
	public static SEARCH_TYPE_FTS = SearchType.Fts;

	public dispatch: (action: { type: string; [key: string]: unknown })=> void = () => {};
	private logger_ = new Logger();
	private db_: JoplinDatabase = null;
	private isIndexing_ = false;
	private syncCalls_: boolean[] = [];
	private scheduleSyncTablesIID_: ReturnType<typeof shim.setTimeout>;

	public static instance() {
		if (SearchEngine.instance_) return SearchEngine.instance_;
		SearchEngine.instance_ = new SearchEngine();
		return SearchEngine.instance_;
	}

	public setLogger(logger: Logger) {
		this.logger_ = logger;
	}

	public logger() {
		return this.logger_;
	}

	public setDb(db: JoplinDatabase) {
		this.db_ = db;
	}

	public db() {
		return this.db_;
	}

	private noteById_(notes: NoteEntity[], noteId: string) {
		for (let i = 0; i < notes.length; i++) {
			if (notes[i].id === noteId) return notes[i];
		}
		// The note may have been deleted since the change was recorded. For example in this case:
		// - Note created (Some Change object is recorded)
		// - Note is deleted
		// - ResourceService indexer runs.
		// In that case, there will be a change for the note, but the note will be gone.
		return null;
	}

	private async doInitialNoteIndexing_() {
		const notes = await this.db().selectAll<NoteEntity>('SELECT id FROM notes WHERE is_conflict = 0 AND encryption_applied = 0 AND is_locked = 0 AND deleted_time = 0');
		const noteIds = notes.map(n => n.id);

		const lastChangeId = await ItemChange.lastChangeId();

		// First delete content of note_normalized, in case the previous initial indexing failed
		await this.db().exec('DELETE FROM notes_normalized');

		while (noteIds.length) {
			const currentIds = noteIds.splice(0, 100);
			const notes = await Note.modelSelectAll(`
				SELECT ${SearchEngine.relevantFields}
				FROM notes
				WHERE id IN (${BaseModel.escapeIdsForSql(currentIds)}) AND is_conflict = 0 AND encryption_applied = 0 AND is_locked = 0 AND deleted_time = 0`);
			const queries = [];

			for (let i = 0; i < notes.length; i++) {
				const note = notes[i];
				const n = this.normalizeNote_(note);
				queries.push({ sql: `
				INSERT INTO notes_normalized(${SearchEngine.relevantFields})
				VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
				params: [n.id, n.title, n.body, n.user_created_time, n.user_updated_time, n.is_todo, n.todo_completed, n.todo_due, n.parent_id, n.latitude, n.longitude, n.altitude, n.source_url] },
				);
			}

			await this.db().transactionExecBatch(queries);
		}

		Setting.setValue('searchEngine.lastProcessedChangeId', lastChangeId);
	}

	public scheduleSyncTables() {
		if (this.scheduleSyncTablesIID_) return;

		this.scheduleSyncTablesIID_ = shim.setTimeout(async () => {
			try {
				await this.syncTables();
			} catch (error) {
				this.logger().error('SearchEngine::scheduleSyncTables: Error while syncing tables:', error);
			}
			this.scheduleSyncTablesIID_ = null;
		}, 10000);
	}

	public async rebuildIndex() {
		Setting.setValue('searchEngine.lastProcessedChangeId', 0);
		Setting.setValue('searchEngine.initialIndexingDone', false);
		Setting.setValue('searchEngine.lastProcessedResource', '');
		return this.syncTables();
	}

	private async syncTables_() {
		if (this.isIndexing_) return;

		const syncTask = perfLogger.taskStart('SearchEngine/syncTables');

		this.isIndexing_ = true;

		this.logger().info('SearchEngine: Updating FTS table...');

		await ItemChange.waitForAllSaved();

		if (!Setting.value('searchEngine.initialIndexingDone')) {
			await this.doInitialNoteIndexing_();
			Setting.setValue('searchEngine.initialIndexingDone', true);
		}

		const startTime = Date.now();

		const report = {
			inserted: 0,
			deleted: 0,
		};

		let lastChangeId = Setting.value('searchEngine.lastProcessedChangeId');

		try {
			while (true) {
				const changes: ItemChangeEntity[] = await ItemChange.modelSelectAll(
					`
					SELECT id, item_id, type
					FROM item_changes
					WHERE item_type = ?
					AND id > ?
					ORDER BY id ASC
					LIMIT 10
				`,
					[BaseModel.TYPE_NOTE, lastChangeId],
				);

				if (!changes.length) break;

				const queries = [];

				const noteIds = changes.map(a => a.item_id);
				const notes = await Note.modelSelectAll(`
					SELECT ${SearchEngine.relevantFields}
					FROM notes WHERE id IN (${Note.escapeIdsForSql(noteIds)}) AND is_conflict = 0 AND encryption_applied = 0 AND is_locked = 0 AND deleted_time = 0`,
				);

				for (let i = 0; i < changes.length; i++) {
					const change = changes[i];

					if (change.type === ItemChange.TYPE_CREATE || change.type === ItemChange.TYPE_UPDATE) {
						queries.push({ sql: 'DELETE FROM notes_normalized WHERE id = ?', params: [change.item_id] });
						const note = this.noteById_(notes, change.item_id);
						if (note) {
							const n = this.normalizeNote_(note);
							queries.push({ sql: `
							INSERT INTO notes_normalized(${SearchEngine.relevantFields})
							VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
							params: [change.item_id, n.title, n.body, n.user_created_time, n.user_updated_time, n.is_todo, n.todo_completed, n.todo_due, n.parent_id, n.latitude, n.longitude, n.altitude, n.source_url] });
							report.inserted++;
						}
					} else if (change.type === ItemChange.TYPE_DELETE) {
						queries.push({ sql: 'DELETE FROM notes_normalized WHERE id = ?', params: [change.item_id] });
						report.deleted++;
					} else {
						throw new Error(`Invalid change type: ${change.type}`);
					}

					lastChangeId = change.id;
				}

				await this.db().transactionExecBatch(queries);
				Setting.setValue('searchEngine.lastProcessedChangeId', lastChangeId);
				await Setting.saveAll();
			}
		} catch (error) {
			this.logger().error('SearchEngine: Error while processing changes:', error);
		}

		await ItemChangeUtils.deleteProcessedChanges();

		interface LastProcessedResource {
			id: string;
			updated_time: number;
		}

		const lastProcessedResource: LastProcessedResource = !Setting.value('searchEngine.lastProcessedResource') ? { updated_time: 0, id: '' } : JSON.parse(Setting.value('searchEngine.lastProcessedResource'));

		this.logger().info('Updating items_normalized from', lastProcessedResource);

		try {
			while (true) {
				const resources = await Resource.allForNormalization(
					lastProcessedResource.updated_time,
					lastProcessedResource.id,
					100,
					{
						fields: ['id', 'title', 'ocr_text', 'updated_time'],
					},
				);

				if (!resources.length) break;

				const queries: SqlQuery[] = [];

				for (const resource of resources) {
					queries.push({
						sql: 'DELETE FROM items_normalized WHERE item_id = ? AND item_type = ?',
						params: [
							resource.id,
							ModelType.Resource,
						],
					});

					queries.push({
						sql: `
							INSERT INTO items_normalized(item_id, item_type, title, body, user_updated_time)
							VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
						params: [
							resource.id,
							ModelType.Resource,
							this.normalizeText_(resource.title),
							this.normalizeText_(resource.ocr_text),
							resource.updated_time,
						],
					});

					report.inserted++;

					lastProcessedResource.id = resource.id;
					lastProcessedResource.updated_time = resource.updated_time;
				}

				await this.db().transactionExecBatch(queries);
				Setting.setValue('searchEngine.lastProcessedResource', JSON.stringify(lastProcessedResource));
				await Setting.saveAll();
			}
		} catch (error) {
			this.logger().error('SearchEngine: Error while processing resources:', error);
		}

		this.logger().info(sprintf('SearchEngine: Updated FTS table in %dms. Inserted: %d. Deleted: %d', Date.now() - startTime, report.inserted, report.deleted));

		this.isIndexing_ = false;
		syncTask.onEnd();
	}

	public async syncTables() {
		this.syncCalls_.push(true);
		try {
			await this.syncTables_();
		} finally {
			this.syncCalls_.pop();
		}
	}

	public async countRows() {
		const sql = 'SELECT count(*) as total FROM notes_fts';
		const row = await this.db().selectOne(sql);
		return row && row['total'] ? row['total'] : 0;
	}

	private fieldNamesFromOffsets_(offsets: number[]) {
		const notesNormalizedFieldNames = this.db().tableFieldNames('notes_normalized');
		const occurrenceCount = Math.floor(offsets.length / 4);
		const output: string[] = [];
		for (let i = 0; i < occurrenceCount; i++) {
			const colIndex = offsets[i * 4];
			const fieldName = notesNormalizedFieldNames[colIndex];
			if (!output.includes(fieldName)) output.push(fieldName);
		}

		return output;
	}

	private calculateWeightBM25_(rows: ProcessResultsRow[]) {
		// https://www.sqlite.org/fts3.html#matchinfo
		// pcnalx are the arguments passed to matchinfo
		// p - The number of matchable phrases in the query.
		// c - The number of user defined columns in the FTS table
		// n - The number of rows in the FTS4 table.
		// a - avg number of tokens in the text values stored in the column.
		// l - For each column, the length of the value stored in the current
		// row of the FTS4 table, in tokens.
		// x - For each distinct combination of a phrase and table column, the
		// following three values:
		// hits_this_row
		// hits_all_rows
		// docs_with_hits

		if (rows.length === 0) return;

		const matchInfo = rows.map(row => new Uint32Array(row.matchinfo.buffer));
		const generalInfo = matchInfo[0];

		const K1 = 1.2;
		const B = 0.75;

		const TITLE_COLUMN = 1;
		const BODY_COLUMN = 2;
		const columns = [TITLE_COLUMN, BODY_COLUMN];

		const numPhrases = generalInfo[0]; // p
		const numColumns = generalInfo[1]; // c
		const numRows = generalInfo[2]; // n

		const avgTitleTokens = generalInfo[4]; // a
		const avgBodyTokens = generalInfo[5];
		const avgTokens = [null, avgTitleTokens, avgBodyTokens]; // we only need cols 1 and 2

		const numTitleTokens = matchInfo.map(m => m[4 + numColumns]); // l
		const numBodyTokens = matchInfo.map(m => m[5 + numColumns]);
		const numTokens = [null, numTitleTokens, numBodyTokens];

		// In byte size, we have for notes_normalized:
		//
		// p 1
		// c 1
		// n 1
		// a 12
		// l 12
		const X = matchInfo.map(m => m.slice(1 + 1 + 1 + numColumns + numColumns)); // x

		const hitsThisRow = (array: Uint32Array, c: number, p: number) => array[3 * (c + p * numColumns) + 0];
		// const hitsAllRows = (array, c, p) => array[3 * (c + p*NUM_COLS) + 1];
		const docsWithHits = (array: Uint32Array, c: number, p: number) => array[3 * (c + p * numColumns) + 2];

		const IDF = (n: number, N: number) => Math.max(Math.log(((N - n + 0.5) / (n + 0.5)) + 1), 0);

		// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okapi_BM25
		const BM25 = (idf: number, freq: number, numTokens: number, avgTokens: number) => {
			if (avgTokens === 0) {
				return 0; // To prevent division by zero
			}
			return idf * (freq * (K1 + 1)) / (freq + K1 * (1 - B + B * (numTokens / avgTokens)));
		};

		const msSinceEpoch = Math.round(new Date().getTime());
		const msPerDay = 86400000;
		const weightForDaysSinceLastUpdate = (row: ProcessResultsRow) => {
			// BM25 weights typically range 0-10, and last updated date should weight similarly, though prioritizing recency logarithmically.
			// An alpha of 200 ensures matches in the last week will show up front (11.59) and often so for matches within 2 weeks (5.99),
			// but is much less of a factor at 30 days (2.84) or very little after 90 days (0.95), focusing mostly on content at that point.
			if (!row.user_updated_time) {
				return 0;
			}

			const alpha = 200;
			const daysSinceLastUpdate = (msSinceEpoch - row.user_updated_time) / msPerDay;
			return alpha * Math.log(1 + 1 / Math.max(daysSinceLastUpdate, 0.5));
		};

		for (let i = 0; i < rows.length; i++) {
			const row = rows[i];
			row.weight = 0;
			for (let j = 0; j < numPhrases; j++) {
				// eslint-disable-next-line github/array-foreach -- Old code before rule was applied
				columns.forEach(column => {
					const rowsWithHits = docsWithHits(X[i], column, j);
					const frequencyHits = hitsThisRow(X[i], column, j);
					const idf = IDF(rowsWithHits, numRows);

					row.weight += BM25(idf, frequencyHits, numTokens[column][i], avgTokens[column]);
				});
			}

			row.weight += weightForDaysSinceLastUpdate(row);
		}
	}

	private processNonFtsSearchResults_(rows: ProcessResultsRow[], parsedQuery: ParsedQuery) {
		const valueRegexs = parsedQuery.keys.includes('_') ? parsedQuery.terms['_'].map(term => (typeof term === 'string' ? term : term.valueRegex || term.value)) : [];
		const isTitleSearch = parsedQuery.keys.includes('title');
		const isOnlyTitle = parsedQuery.keys.length === 1 && isTitleSearch;

		for (let i = 0; i < rows.length; i++) {
			const row = rows[i];
			const testTitle = (regex: string) => new RegExp(regex, 'ig').test(row.title);
			const matchedFields: Record<string, boolean> = {
				title: isTitleSearch || valueRegexs.some(testTitle) || row.fields?.includes('title'),
				body: !isOnlyTitle || row.fields?.includes('body'),
			};

			row.fields = Object.keys(matchedFields).filter(key => matchedFields[key]);
			row.weight ??= 0;
			row.fuzziness ??= 0;
			row.searchType ??= [SearchType.Basic];
		}
	}

	private processResults_(rows: ProcessResultsRow[], parsedQuery: ParsedQuery, isFtsSearchResults = false) {
		if (isFtsSearchResults) {
			this.calculateWeightBM25_(rows);
			for (let i = 0; i < rows.length; i++) {
				const row = rows[i];
				const offsets = row.offsets.split(' ').map(o => Number(o));
				row.fields = this.fieldNamesFromOffsets_(offsets);
				row.searchType = [SearchType.Fts];
			}
		} else {
			this.processNonFtsSearchResults_(rows, parsedQuery);
		}

		sortRows(rows);
	}

	// https://stackoverflow.com/a/13818704/561309
	public queryTermToRegex(term: string, { anchorToWordBoundary }: QueryTermToRegexOptions = {}) {
		while (term.length && term.indexOf('*') === 0) {
			term = term.substr(1);
		}

		let regexString = pregQuote(term);
		if (regexString[regexString.length - 1] === '*') {
			regexString = `${regexString.substr(0, regexString.length - 2)}[^${pregQuote(' \t\n\r,.,+-*?!={}<>|:"\'()[]')}]` + '*?';
			// regexString = regexString.substr(0, regexString.length - 2) + '.*?';
		}

		if (regexString && anchorToWordBoundary) {
			// (?<!\w): Checks whether a non-word character is before the regex, without including it in the match
			// (?!\w): Check whether a non-word character is after the regex, also without including it.
			regexString = `(?<!\\w)${regexString}(?!\\w)`;
		}

		return regexString;
	}

	public async parseQuery(query: string): Promise<ParsedQuery> {

		const trimQuotes = (str: string) => str.startsWith('"') ? str.substr(1, str.length - 2) : str;

		let allTerms: Term[] = [];

		if (query.length && query[0] === '/') {
			query = query.substring(1);
		}

		try {
			allTerms = filterParser(query);
		} catch (error) {
			console.warn(error);
		}

		const textTerms = allTerms.filter(x => x.name === 'text' && !x.negated).map(x => trimQuotes(x.value));
		const titleTerms = allTerms.filter(x => x.name === 'title' && !x.negated).map(x => trimQuotes(x.value));
		const bodyTerms = allTerms.filter(x => x.name === 'body' && !x.negated).map(x => trimQuotes(x.value));

		const terms: Terms = { _: textTerms, 'title': titleTerms, 'body': bodyTerms };

		// Filter terms:
		// - Convert wildcards to regex
		// - Remove columns with no results
		// - Add count of terms

		let termCount = 0;
		const keys = [];
		for (const col2 in terms) {
			const col = col2 as '_' | 'title' | 'body';

			if (!terms.hasOwnProperty(col)) continue;

			if (!terms[col].length) {
				delete terms[col];
				continue;
			}

			for (let i = terms[col].length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
				const term = terms[col][i] as string;

				// SQlLite FTS doesn't allow "*" queries and neither shall we
				if (term === '*') {
					terms[col].splice(i, 1);
					continue;
				}

				if (term.indexOf('*') >= 0) {
					terms[col][i] = { type: 'regex', value: term, scriptType: scriptType(term), valueRegex: this.queryTermToRegex(term) };
				} else {
					terms[col][i] = { type: 'text', value: term, scriptType: scriptType(term) };
				}
			}

			termCount += terms[col].length;

			keys.push(col);
		}

		//
		// The object "allTerms" is used for query construction purposes (this
		// contains all the filter terms) Since this is used for the FTS match
		// query, we need to normalize text, title and body terms. Note, we're
		// not normalizing terms like tag because these are matched using SQL
		// LIKE operator and so we must preserve their diacritics.
		//
		// The object "terms" only include text, title, body terms and is used
		// for highlighting. By not normalizing the text, title, body in
		// "terms", highlighting still works correctly for words with
		// diacritics.
		//

		allTerms = allTerms.map(x => {
			if (x.name === 'text' || x.name === 'title' || x.name === 'body') {
				return { ...x, value: this.normalizeText_(x.value) };
			}
			return x;
		});

		return {
			termCount: termCount,
			keys: keys,
			terms: terms, // text terms
			allTerms: allTerms,
			any: !!allTerms.find(term => term.name === 'any'),
		};
	}

	public allParsedQueryTerms(parsedQuery: ParsedQuery) {
		if (!parsedQuery || !parsedQuery.termCount) return [];

		let output: typeof parsedQuery.terms._ = [];
		for (const col of Object.keys(parsedQuery.terms) as (keyof Terms)[]) {
			output = output.concat(parsedQuery.terms[col]);
		}
		return output;
	}

	private normalizeText_(text: string) {
		let normalizedText = text.normalize ? text.normalize() : text;

		// NULL characters can break FTS. Remove them.
		normalizedText = replaceUnsupportedCharacters(normalizedText);

		// We need to decode HTML entities too
		// https://github.com/laurent22/joplin/issues/9694
		normalizedText = htmlentitiesDecode(normalizedText);

		// The FTS tokenizer doesn't understand some types of space,
		// including nonbreaking spaces and CRLF.
		normalizedText = normalizedText.replace(/\s/g, ' ');

		return removeDiacritics(normalizedText.toLowerCase());
	}

	private normalizeNote_(note: NoteEntity) {
		const n = { ...note };
		try {
			n.title = this.normalizeText_(n.title);
			n.body = this.normalizeText_(n.body);
		} catch (error) {
			// Text normalization -- specifically removeDiacritics -- can fail in some cases.
			// We log additional information to help determine the cause of the issue.
			//
			// See https://discourse.joplinapp.org/t/search-not-working-on-ios/35754
			this.logger().error(`Error while normalizing text for note ${note.id}:`, error);

			// Unnormalized text can break the search engine, specifically NUL characters.
			// Thus, we remove the text entirely.
			n.title = '';
			n.body = '';
		}
		return n;
	}

	public async basicSearch(query: string) {
		query = query.replace(/\*/, '');
		const parsedQuery = await this.parseQuery(query);
		const searchOptions: { anywherePattern?: string; titlePattern?: string; bodyPattern?: string } = {};

		const termsRecord = parsedQuery.terms as unknown as Record<string, (string | ComplexTerm)[]>;
		for (const key of parsedQuery.keys) {
			if (termsRecord[key].length === 0) continue;

			const term = termsRecord[key].map(x => typeof x === 'string' ? x : x.value).join(' ');
			if (key === '_') searchOptions.anywherePattern = `*${term}*`;
			if (key === 'title') searchOptions.titlePattern = `*${term}*`;
			if (key === 'body') searchOptions.bodyPattern = `*${term}*`;
		}

		return await Note.previews(null, searchOptions);
	}

	public async semanticSearch(query: string, parsedQuery: ParsedQuery) {
		const rows: ProcessResultsRow[] = [];
		const results = await SearchService.instance().search({ query: { text: query }, relevance: 'strict' });

		const seenNotes = new Map<string, ProcessResultsRow>();
		for (const result of results) {
			let row = seenNotes.get(result.noteId);
			// Results are received in order of relevance, so ignore the less-relevant result
			if (row) continue;

			const item = await Note.load(
				result.noteId,
				{ fields: ['id', 'parent_id', 'title', 'user_updated_time', 'user_created_time', 'is_todo', 'todo_completed'] },
			);
			// Handle the case where the item was deleted after search started
			if (!item) continue;

			row = {
				id: item.id,
				item_id: item.id,
				parent_id: item.parent_id,
				title: item.title,
				user_updated_time: item.user_updated_time,
				user_created_time: item.user_created_time,
				matchinfo: null,
				item_type: ModelType.Note,
				// Standard results weights are usually 0-10, semantic search scores are usually
				// 0.7-1.
				weight: result.score * 5,
				is_todo: item.is_todo,
				todo_completed: item.todo_completed,
				searchType: [SearchType.Semantic],

				// For now, estimate whether the match is in the title or the body.
				// For performance, we avoid loading 'body'.
				fields: item.title.includes(result.chunkText) ? ['title'] : ['body'],
				offsets: '',
			};
			seenNotes.set(result.noteId, row);
			rows.push(row);
		}
		this.processResults_(rows, parsedQuery, false);

		return rows;
	}

	private determineSearchType_(query: string, parsedQuery: ParsedQuery, preferredSearchType: SearchType) {
		if (preferredSearchType === SearchType.Basic) return SearchType.Basic;
		if (preferredSearchType === SearchType.Nonlatin) return SearchType.Nonlatin;
		if (preferredSearchType === SearchType.Semantic && this.canSemanticSearch_(query, parsedQuery)) {
			return SearchType.Semantic;
		}

		// If preferredSearchType is "fts" we auto-detect anyway
		// because it's not always supported.

		let allTerms: Term[] = [];
		try {
			allTerms = filterParser(query);
		} catch (error) {
			console.warn(error);
		}

		const textQuery = allTerms.filter(x => x.name === 'text' || x.name === 'title' || x.name === 'body').map(x => x.value).join(' ');
		const st = scriptType(textQuery);

		if (!Setting.value('db.ftsEnabled')) {
			return SearchEngine.SEARCH_TYPE_BASIC;
		}

		// Non-alphabetical languages aren't support by SQLite FTS (except with extensions which are not available in all platforms)
		if (['ja', 'zh', 'ko', 'th'].indexOf(st) >= 0) {
			return SearchEngine.SEARCH_TYPE_NONLATIN_SCRIPT;
		}

		return SearchEngine.SEARCH_TYPE_FTS;
	}

	private canSemanticSearch_(rawQuery: string, parsedQuery: ParsedQuery) {
		// Disable semantic search if the user has explicitly specified a field to search in
		if (parsedQuery.allTerms.some(term => term.name !== 'text')) {
			return false;
		}

		const trimQuotes = (text: string) => text.replace(/^"(.*)"$/, '$1');
		const isItemIdQuery = (query: string) => isItemId(trimQuotes(query));

		// Some plugins search for item IDs and expect only full-text matches.
		// See https://github.com/laurent22/joplin/issues/16644
		if (isItemIdQuery(rawQuery.trim())) {
			return false;
		}

		return Setting.value('featureFlag.enableSemanticSearch')
			&& embeddingAvailability().available;
	}

	private async searchFromItemIds(searchString: string): Promise<ProcessResultsRow[]> {
		let itemId = '';

		if (isCallbackUrl(searchString)) {
			const parsed = parseCallbackUrl(searchString);
			itemId = parsed.params.id;
		}

		// Disabled for now:
		// https://github.com/laurent22/joplin/issues/9769#issuecomment-1912459744

		// else if (isItemId(searchString)) {
		// 	itemId = searchString;
		// }

		if (itemId) {
			const item = await BaseItem.loadItemById(itemId);

			// We only return notes for now because the UI doesn't handle anything else.
			if (item && item.type_ === ModelType.Note) {
				return [
					{
						id: item.id,
						item_id: item.id,
						parent_id: item.parent_id || '',
						matchinfo: Buffer.from(''),
						offsets: '',
						title: item.title || item.id,
						user_updated_time: item.user_updated_time || item.updated_time,
						user_created_time: item.user_created_time || item.created_time,
						fields: ['id'],
						searchType: [SearchType.Basic],
					},
				];
			}
		}

		return [];
	}

	public async search(searchString: string, options: SearchOptions = null): Promise<ProcessResultsRow[]> {
		if (!searchString) return [];

		options = {
			searchType: SearchEngine.SEARCH_TYPE_AUTO,
			appendWildCards: false,
			includeOrphanedResources: false,
			...options,
		};

		const parsedQuery = await this.parseQuery(searchString);
		const searchType = this.determineSearchType_(searchString, parsedQuery, options.searchType);

		let rows: ProcessResultsRow[] = [];

		if (searchType === SearchEngine.SEARCH_TYPE_BASIC) {
			rows = (await this.basicSearch(
				this.normalizeText_(searchString),
			)) as unknown as ProcessResultsRow[];
			this.processResults_(rows, parsedQuery, false);
		} else if (searchType === SearchType.Semantic) {
			rows = await this.semanticSearch(searchString, parsedQuery);
		} else {
			// SEARCH_TYPE_FTS
			// FTS will ignore all special characters, like "-" in the index. So if
			// we search for "this-phrase" it won't find it because it will only
			// see "this phrase" in the index. Because of this, we remove the dashes
			// when searching.
			// https://github.com/laurent22/joplin/issues/1075#issuecomment-459258856

			if (options.appendWildCards) {
				parsedQuery.allTerms = parsedQuery.allTerms.map(t => {
					if (t.name === 'text' && !t.wildcard) {
						t = {
							...t,
							wildcard: true,
							value: t.value.endsWith('"') ? `${t.value.substring(0, t.value.length - 1)}*"` : `${t.value}*`,
						};
					}
					return t;
				});
			}

			const useFts = searchType === SearchType.Fts;
			try {
				const { query, params } = queryBuilder(parsedQuery.allTerms, useFts);

				rows = await this.db().selectAll<ProcessResultsRow>(query, params);
				const queryHasFilters = !!parsedQuery.allTerms.find(t => t.name !== 'text');

				rows = rows.map(r => {
					return {
						...r,
						item_type: ModelType.Note,
						searchType: [searchType],
					};
				});

				if (!queryHasFilters && Setting.value('ocr.searchInExtractedContent')) {
					const toSearch = parsedQuery.allTerms.map(t => t.value).join(' ');

					let itemRows: ProcessResultsRow[] = [];

					try {
						itemRows = await this.db().selectAll<ProcessResultsRow>(`
							SELECT
								id,
								title,
								user_updated_time,
								offsets(items_fts) AS offsets,
								matchinfo(items_fts, 'pcnalx') AS matchinfo,
								item_id,
								item_type
							FROM items_fts
							WHERE title MATCH ? OR body MATCH ?
						`, [toSearch, toSearch]);
					} catch (error) {
						// Android <= 25 doesn't support the following syntax:
						//    WHERE title MATCH ? OR body MATCH ?
						// Thus, we skip resource search on these devices.
						if (!error.message?.includes?.('unable to use function MATCH in the requested context')) {
							throw error;
						}
					}

					const resourcesToNotes = await NoteResource.associatedResourceNotes(
						itemRows.map(r => r.item_id),
						{
							fields: ['note_id', 'parent_id', 'deleted_time'],
						},
					);

					const deletedNoteIds: string[] = [];

					for (const itemRow of itemRows) {
						const notes = resourcesToNotes[itemRow.item_id];
						const note = notes && notes.length ? notes[0] : null;
						if (note && note.deleted_time) deletedNoteIds.push(note.note_id);
						itemRow.id = note ? note.note_id : null;
						itemRow.parent_id = note ? note.parent_id : null;
					}

					if (!options.includeOrphanedResources) itemRows = itemRows.filter(r => !!r.id);
					itemRows = itemRows.filter(r => !deletedNoteIds.includes(r.id));

					rows = rows.concat(itemRows);
				}

				this.processResults_(rows as ProcessResultsRow[], parsedQuery, useFts);
			} catch (error) {
				this.logger().warn(`Cannot execute MATCH query: ${searchString}: ${error.message}`);
				rows = [];
			}
		}

		if (!rows.length) {
			rows = await this.searchFromItemIds(searchString);
		}

		if (this.canSemanticSearch_(searchString, parsedQuery)
			// Don't use semantic search if another search type was explicitly requested
			&& options.searchType === SearchType.Auto
			// Avoid doing semantic search twice
			&& searchType !== SearchType.Semantic
		) {
			rows = rows.concat(await this.semanticSearch(searchString, parsedQuery));

			// Merge duplicate rows
			rows = deduplicateAndSort(rows);
		}

		return rows;
	}

	public async destroy() {
		if (this.scheduleSyncTablesIID_) {
			shim.clearTimeout(this.scheduleSyncTablesIID_);
			this.scheduleSyncTablesIID_ = null;
		}
		SearchEngine.instance_ = null;

		return new Promise((resolve) => {
			const iid = shim.setInterval(() => {
				if (!this.syncCalls_.length) {
					shim.clearInterval(iid);
					SearchEngine.instance_ = null;
					resolve(null);
				}
			}, 100);
		});
	}

	public createQueryFromTerms(terms: (string | ComplexTerm)[]) {
		if (!terms || !terms.length) return '';
		return terms.map(term => typeof term === 'string' ? term : term.value).join(' ');
	}
}

const sortRows = (rows: ProcessResultsRow[]) => {
	rows.sort((a, b) => {
		const aIsNote = a.item_type === ModelType.Note;
		const bIsNote = b.item_type === ModelType.Note;

		if (a.fields.includes('title') && !b.fields.includes('title')) return -1;
		if (!a.fields.includes('title') && b.fields.includes('title')) return +1;
		if (a.weight < b.weight) return +1;
		if (a.weight > b.weight) return -1;

		if (aIsNote && bIsNote) {
			if (a.is_todo && a.todo_completed) return +1;
			if (b.is_todo && b.todo_completed) return -1;
		}

		if (a.user_updated_time < b.user_updated_time) return +1;
		if (a.user_updated_time > b.user_updated_time) return -1;
		return 0;
	});
};

const deduplicateAndSort = (rows: ProcessResultsRow[]) => {
	const idToRow = new Map<string, ProcessResultsRow>();
	for (let row of rows) {
		const existing = idToRow.get(row.id);
		if (existing) {
			row = {
				...row,
				weight: Math.max(existing.weight ?? 0, row.weight ?? 0),
				fields: unique([...(row.fields ?? []), ...(existing.fields ?? [])]),
				searchType: unique([...row.searchType, ...existing.searchType]),
			};
		}
		idToRow.set(row.id, row);
	}

	const result = [];
	for (const row of idToRow.values()) {
		result.push(row);
	}
	sortRows(result);
	return result;
};